ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions. It affects both children and adults and is marked by difficulties with focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The American Psychiatric Association notes that symptoms must appear before age 12 for a diagnosis, and the National Institute of Mental Health points out that these challenges often continue into adulthood. Parents usually notice signs such as inattention or restlessness early, which raises questions about how and why ADHD develops.
In recent years, researchers have been looking beyond behavior and exploring genetics. One gene drawing attention is MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase). This gene makes an enzyme that helps the body process folate, a vitamin essential for brain function and neurotransmitter balance. Because neurotransmitters influence focus, motivation, and mood, scientists are studying whether variations in the MTHFR gene could play a role in ADHD.
The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood. Experts believe it comes from a combination of genetics, brain development, and environmental influences. Brain imaging studies suggest differences in areas that regulate attention and self-control, which may explain why children and adults with ADHD struggle with focus and impulsivity.
Genetics is part of the picture. The MTHFR gene is of special interest because it affects folate metabolism and, in turn, neurotransmitter production. Folate helps the body make dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, chemicals linked to attention and emotional balance. Some studies suggest that children with MTHFR variations may be more likely to experience attention problems, though results are mixed. Researchers agree that more studies are needed to fully understand the connection.
The MTHFR gene is responsible for making an enzyme that converts folate into methylfolate, the active form used by the body. Methylfolate supports the production of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, which are important for focus, motivation, and mood. Variants of this gene, most commonly C677T and A1298C, can reduce enzyme activity. When this happens, folate metabolism may be less efficient, which could influence brain chemistry linked to ADHD symptoms.
Research on the connection between MTHFR and ADHD is still developing. Some studies suggest that children with these gene variations may have a higher likelihood of attention or behavioral challenges, while others show no clear link. What appears more consistent is that MTHFR status may influence how well a person responds to certain treatments, particularly those involving folate. For this reason, some clinicians explore methylfolate supplementation or folate-rich diets as part of a more tailored approach to ADHD care.
There is no cure for ADHD, but treatments can help manage symptoms and improve daily functioning. Common approaches include:
These methods remain the foundation of ADHD care. The goal is not just to reduce symptoms but to help children and adults thrive in daily life.
Many families also explore complementary approaches alongside standard treatment. These options are not replacements for medical care but may help improve quality of life:
These integrative therapies work best when guided by a healthcare provider who can ensure safety and tailor strategies to individual needs.
At 417 Integrative Medicine, our providers use a functional and integrative approach to help patients manage ADHD and related concerns. Care may include nutrition support, lifestyle guidance, lab testing when appropriate, and personalized treatment plans designed to improve focus and daily functioning.
If you are exploring ADHD treatment, we invite you to book an appointment now and learn how our team can support your health through a whole-person approach that considers both genetic and environmental factors.
